tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28447695015857813532024-03-07T22:21:08.925-08:00QuimicaGabriela Cristancho Dugartehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07742529785464317941noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2844769501585781353.post-30103921193664922272011-04-25T21:15:00.000-07:002011-04-25T21:15:07.301-07:00ESTUDIO DE LAS SOLUCIONES.<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Las soluciones son <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fundamentales en las labores químicas e industriales puesto que las reacciones químicas en su mayoría se dan a raíz de una solución de igual forma juega un papel importante en las ciencias biológicas y medicas. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">La solución es una mezcla de varias sustancias que <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>unen sus moléculas para formar características propias, por ello es importante conocer las partes que constituyen a una solución.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Componentes de una solución.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Está conformada por dos componentes básicos <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>como los son. el solvente o disolvente y el soluto.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">El solvente es la sustancia que disuelve al soluto y el soluto es el disuelto por el solvente.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Los factores que afectan la solubilidad, son:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">el efecto de la naturaleza química de soluto <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>y solvente, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>para saber si una sustancia se puede disolver o no en otra se debe tener en cuenta el enunciado que dice “lo semejante disuelve a lo semejante” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lo que quiere decir que las dos sustancias a mezclarse deben tener una composición molecular semejante, lo que quiere decir que las sustancias polares o iónicas tienden hacer mas solubles en solventes polares, y las sustancias no polares se disuelven en sustancias no polares.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Las moléculas polares son aquellas en las que no coincide el centro de <a href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/travent/travent.shtml"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">distribución</span></a> de cargas positivas y el de las negativas, el ejemplo más significativo es el agua </span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Las moléculas no polares son aquellas en las que coincide el centro de distribución de las cargas positivas y negativas. Las moléculas de oxígeno, nitrógeno, compuestas por dos átomos iguales pertenecen a esta categoría.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm 6.75pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Efecto de la temperatura: La temperatura juega un papel muy importante en la solubilidad de las sustancias. Por medio de experimentos se ha demostrado que los sólidos son generalmente mas solubles en solventes calientes que fríos ejemplo cuando preparamos una limonada le agregamos el hielo y por último el azúcar <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>veremos que a medida que el agua se pone más fría el azúcar disuelve menos al grado de no endulzar la limonada así se le agregue mas azúcar. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm 6.75pt 19.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Ahora para un gas tiene un efecto contrario. La solubilidad de un gas en un liquido disminuye con el aumento de la temperatura, esto es porque la molécula de gas tienden a ocupar mayor volumen debido a que se incrementa la energía cinética de las moléculas y escapan de liquido.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm 6.75pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Efecto de la presión: Los pequeños cambios tienen un gran efecto en la solubilidad de los gases en líquidos.” La solubilidad de un gas en un liquido es directamente proporcional a la presión del gas sobre la solución” esta es la ley de Henrry.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm 6.75pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm 6.75pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Proceso de disolución </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Es el proceso mediante el cual el soluto se incorpora al solvente. Este proceso se puede presentar en dos formas básicas:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Solvatación,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>en este caso se disuelven solutos polares <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>en solventes polares. La fuerza de atracción entre las moléculas deben ser bastante fuertes para que las moléculas no se dispersen y provoquen una evaporación inmediata.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Dispersión, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cuando los componentes de la solución no son polares la disolución se presenta como fenómeno de dispersión. Las moléculas de los gases y de muchos sólidos y líquidos ejercen fuerzas moleculares muy pequeñas entre sí. Que pueden ser dispersadas por moléculas similares. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Propiedades coligativas de las soluciones algunas propiedades físicas de las soluciones van a depender del numero de partículas de soluto en solución más que de la composición química, a estas propiedades se les llama coligativas. Dichas propiedades son:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Presión de vapor es la tendencia que tienen las moléculas a escapar de la superficie de un solvente <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>líquido a estado gaseoso.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Punto de ebullición: un líquido hierva cuando su presión de vapor se iguala a la presión atmosférica. Una solución con una presión de vapor menor tendrá un punto de ebullición más alto que el solvente puro, esto se da porque se requiere de mas energía para liberar a las moléculas del solvente que están unidas al soluto.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 6.75pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Punto de congelación: se da cuando el liquido pasa a sólido , y disminuye con la presencia de partículas de soluto porque impiden que las moléculas del solvente se compacten para formar el estado sólido. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Clasificación de las soluciones</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">De acuerdo a su estado físico de sus componentes: las más comunes son las binarias, que contienen dos componentes, estas se clasifican de acuerdo al estado físico del soluto y del solvente. La solución siempre tendrá un solo estado físico que vendrá dado por el solvente, siendo este el componente más abundante.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Tipos de soluciones de acuerdo a la cantidad de soluto que contienen: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Dependiendo de la cantidad de soluto disuelto en las soluciones se pueden clasificar en:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Soluciones empíricas: esto es cuando se toman cantidades de soluto y solvente al azar, sin ninguna medición.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Estas a su vez se clasifican en:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Solución diluida: contiene pequeña cantidad de soluto.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Solución saturada: está en equilibrio con el soluto no disuelto.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Solución sobre saturada: contiene más soluto que el que le corresponde.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 37.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Soluciones valoradas: es en la que se toman cantidades fijas de soluto y <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>solvente en su preparación, calculadas por métodos físicos u químicos. </span></div>Gabriela Cristancho Dugartehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07742529785464317941noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2844769501585781353.post-47759665052303298372011-02-25T10:47:00.001-08:002011-03-01T18:09:11.304-08:00ETEQUIOMETRIA DE LAS SUSTANCIAS QUIMICAS<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> los reactivos se consumen para dar lugar a los productos.<br />
A escala microscópica, la reacción química es una modificación de los enlaces entre átomos, por desplazamientos de electrones: unos enlaces se rompen y otros se forman, <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">pero<i> los átomos </i>implicados<i> se conservan</i></span>. Esto es lo que llamamos la <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">ley<i> de </i>conservación<i> </i>de la<i> </i>masa</span>, que implica las dos leyes siguientes:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">la conservación del número de átomos de cada elemento químico</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">la conservación de la carga total.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Las relaciones estequiométricas entre las cantidades de reactivos consumidos y productos formados dependen directamente de estas leyes de conservación, y están determinadas por la ecuación (ajustada) de la reacción.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Balance de materia.</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Una ecuación química es la representación escrita de una reacción química. Se dice que está ajustada o equilibrada cuando respeta la ley de conservación de la materia, según la cual la suma de los átomos de cada elemento debe ser igual en los reactivos y en los productos de la reacción. Para respetar estas reglas, se pone delante de cada especie química un número denominado coeficiente estequiométrico, que indica la proporción de cada especie involucrada.<br />
Por ejemplo, en la reacción de combustión de metano (CH<sub>4</sub>), éste se combina con oxígeno molecular (O<sub>2</sub>) del aire para formar dióxido de carbono (CO<sub>2</sub>) y agua. (H<sub>2</sub>O). La reacción sin ajustar será:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">En esta ecuación, las incógnitas son <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>c</i> y <i>d</i>, que son los denominados coeficientes estequiométricos. Para calcularlos, debe tenerse en cuenta la ley de conservación de la materia, por lo que la suma de los átomos de cada elemento debe ser igual en los reactivos y en los productos de la reacción. En el ejemplo, para el elemento hidrógeno (H) hay 4·a átomos en los reactivos y 2·d átomos en los productos. De esta manera se obtiene un sistema de ecuaciones:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Hidrógeno: 4·a = 2·d</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Oxígeno: 2·b = 2·c + d</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Carbono: a=c</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Obteniendo en este caso es un sistema de ecuaciones indeterminado, con tres ecuaciones y cuatro incógnitas. Para resolverlo, se asigna un valor a una de las variables, obteniendo así una cuarta ecuación, que no debe ser combinación lineal de las demás. Por ejemplo: <i>a=1</i>.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Sustituyendo <i>a=1</i> en la primera ecuación del sistema de ecuaciones, se obtiene <i>d=2</i>.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Sustituyendo <i>a=1</i> en la tercera ecuación, se obtiene <i>c=1</i>.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Sustituyendo <i>c=1</i> y <i>d=2</i> en la segunda ecuación, se obtiene <i>b=2</i>.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Sustituyendo los coeficientes estequimétricos en la ecuación de la reacción, se obtiene la ecuación ajustada de la reacción:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Ésta dice que 1 molécula de metano reacciona con 2 moléculas de oxígeno para dar 1 molécula de dióxido de carbono y 2 moléculas de agua.<br />
Al fijar arbitrariamente un coeficiente e ir deduciendo los demás pueden obtenerse valores racionales no enteros. En este caso, se multiplican todos los coeficientes por el mínimo común múltiplo de los denominadores. En reacciones más complejas, como es el caso de las reacciones redox, se emplea el método del ion-electrón.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Coeficiente estequiométrico.</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Es el coeficiente de una especie química que le corresponde en una ecuación química dada. En el ejemplo anterior:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">El coeficiente del metano es 1, el del oxígeno 2, el del dióxido de carbono 1 y el del agua 2. Los coeficientes estequiométricos son en principio números enteros, aunque para ajustar ciertas reacciones alguna vez se emplean números fraccionarios. Es el número de moléculas de cada sustancia.<br />
Cuando el coeficiente estequiométrico es igual a 1, no se escribe. Por eso, en el ejemplo CH<sub>4</sub> y CO<sub>2</sub> no llevan ningún coeficiente delante.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Mezcla, proporciones y condiciones estequiométricas.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Cuando los reactivos de una reacción están en cantidades proporcionales a sus coeficientes estequiométricos se dice:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">La mezcla es estequiométrica;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Los reactivos están en proporciones estequiométricas;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">La reacción tiene lugar en condiciones estequiométricas;</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Las tres expresiones tienen el mismo significado.<br />
En estas condiciones, si la reacción es completa, todos los reactivos se consumirán dando las cantidades estequiométricas de productos correspondientes.<br />
Si no en esta forma, existirá el reactivo limitante que es el que está en menor proporción y que con base en él se trabajan todos los cálculos.<br />
Ejemplo</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">¿Qué cantidad de oxígeno es necesaria para reaccionar con 100 gramos de carbono produciendo dióxido de carbono?</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Masa atómica del oxígeno = 15,9994.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Masa atómica del carbono = 12,0107.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">La reacción es:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Para formar una molécula de dióxido de carbono, hacen falta un átomo de carbono y dos de oxígeno, o lo que es lo mismo, un mol de carbono y dos mol de oxígeno.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Despejando x:<br />
</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">2·15,9994 gramos de oxigeno · 100 gramos de carbono<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> x=-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
12,0107 gramos de carbono</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Realizadas las operaciones:</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">x=266,41gramos de oxigeno</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><strong>Composición porcentual<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>y molar</strong>:</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La fórmula de un compuesto indica el número de átomos de cada elemento presente en una unidad del compuesto. A partir de la fórmula del compuesto es posible calcular el porcentaje que cada elemento proporciona a la masa total del compuesto, así poder determinar la pureza del mismo.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La composición porcentual en masa es el porcentaje en masa de cada elemento en un compuesto. La composición porcentual se obtiene al dividir la masa de cada uno de los elementos en 1 mol del compuesto entre la masa molar del compuesto y multiplicándolo por 100%.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Mol</strong>: es un peso en gramos igual al peso molecular de la sustancia en UMAS o tantas moléculas de dicha sustancia cómo átomos hay en 12 gramos de 12C.<br />
1 mol de átomos de un elemento es el peso atómico de ese elemento expresado en gramos.<br />
1 mol de moléculas de un compuesto es peso molecular de ese compuesto expresado en gramos.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Una fórmula química es una combinación de símbolos y subíndices que nos indica el tipo de átomos (elementos) y número que hay de ellos en un compuesto.</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Empírica: nos indica la relación de cantidades de elementos que forman el compuesto. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Molecular: nos indica la cantidad real de elementos de forman el compuesto. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 12.25pt; margin: 6.1pt 0cm 6.1pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><strong>Reacción y ecuación química:</strong></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.25pt; margin: 6.1pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">La reacción química se define como el proceso mediante el cual una o más sustancias (elementos o compuestos) denominadas reactivos, sufren un proceso de transformación o combinación para dar lugar a una serie de sustancias (elementos o compuestos) denominadas productos. En una reacción química se produce desprendimiento o absorción de calor u otras formas de energía. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.25pt; margin: 6.1pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Las reacciones químicas se representan en una forma concisa mediante ecuaciones químicas, que no es más que la representación grafica de proceso que se está llevando a cabo.</span></div></div>Gabriela Cristancho Dugartehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07742529785464317941noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2844769501585781353.post-73556839822525882582010-12-20T11:26:00.001-08:002011-01-18T14:35:14.900-08:00NOMENCLATURA DE LOS COMPUESTOS QUIMICOS.<h2 align="center" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000045; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">La nomenclatura química es el medio de que nos valemos para nombrar los compuestos. Antiguamente las diversas sustancias recibían nombres caprichosos que obedecían unas veces al lugar donde se hallaban. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">La enorme cantidad de compuestos que maneja la química hace imprescindible la existencia de un conjunto de reglas que permitan nombrar de igual manera en todo el mundo científico un mismo compuesto. De no ser así, el intercambio de información sobre química entre unos y otros países sería de escasa utilidad. Los químicos, a consecuencia de una iniciativa surgida en el siglo pasado, decidieron representar de una forma sencilla y abreviada cada una de las sustancias que manejaban. La escritura en esa especie de clave de cualquier sustancia constituye su fórmula y da lugar a un modo de expresión peculiar de la química que, con frecuencia, se le denomina lenguaje químico.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: small;">La formulación de un compuesto, al igual que su nomenclatura (esto es, la transcripción de su fórmula en términos del lenguaje ordinario), se rige por, unas determinadas normas que han sido retocadas en los últimos años con el único propósito de conseguir un lenguaje químico lo más sencillo y a la vez general posible. Un organismo internacional, la I.U.P.A.C. (International Unión of Pure and Applied Chemistry), encargado de tales menesteres, ha dictado unas reglas para la formulación y nomenclatura de las sustancias químicas.</span></div></span></span></h2><h2 align="center" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Antes de proceder al estudio de tales reglas para cada tipo de compuesto es preciso conocer perfectamente los símbolos de los diferentes elementos químicos, base de esta forma de expresión. Una memorización previa de todos ellos resulta, pues, imprescindible</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span></span></div><strong>Nomenclatura<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>química</strong><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i></span></span></h2><span style="color: #330033; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">La química tiene su propio lenguaje, a lo largo de su desarrollo se han descubierto miles y miles de compuestos y con ellos un gran número de nombres que los identifican. En la actualidad el número de compuestos sobrepasa los 13 millones, en respuesta a esto, a lo largo de los años los químicos han diseñado un sistema aceptado mundialmente para nombrar las sustancias químicas lo que ha facilitado el trabajo con la variedad de sustancias que existen y se descubren constantemente</span><span lang="ES-MX" style="color: #330033; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX;">.</span><span lang="ES-MX" style="color: #330033; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";"> </span><span style="color: #330033; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">La nomenclatura química es el conjunto de reglas que se usan para nombrar a las combinaciones existentes entre los elementos y compuestos químicos. La '<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">nomenclatura'</span> en química<strong> </strong>orgánica es el sistema establecido para denominar y agrupar los compuestos químicos.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Formalmente, se siguen las reglas establecidas por IUPAC y se emplean en la práctica un cierto número de reglas simplemente aplicadas, que permiten entender los nombres de muchos compuestos orgánicos.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Para iniciar el estudio de la nomenclatura es necesario distinguir primero entre compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos. Los compuestos orgánicos son los que contienen carbono, comúnmente enlazados con hidrógeno, oxígeno, boro, nitrógeno, azufre y algunos halógenos. El resto de los compuestos se clasifican como compuestos inorgánicos.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los compuestos<strong> </strong>inorgánicos se clasifican según la función química que contengan y por el número de elementos químicos que los forman, con reglas de nomenclatura particulares para cada grupo. Una función química es la tendencia de una sustancia a reaccionar de manera semejante en presencia de otra. Por ejemplo, los compuestos ácidos tienen propiedades características de la función ácido, debido a que todos ellos tienen el ion H<sup>+1</sup>; y las bases tienen propiedades características de este grupo debido al ion OH<sup>-1</sup> presente en estas moléculas. Las principales funciones químicas son: óxidos, bases, ácidos y sales.</span><br />
<h2 align="center" style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Tipos de nomenclatura de los compuestos orgánicos.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">La infinidad de compuestos que se engloban dentro de la química orgánica se caracterizan por estar formados por un número muy reducido de elementos con alta variedad de posibilidades de combinación. El número de compuestos formados por este reducido grupo de elementos es, sin embargo, muy superior al de compuestos inorgánicos, formados por los más de cien elementos de la tabla periódica. Un sistema de nomenclatura como el empleado en química inorgánica, en el que los nombres se forman a partir de las raíces del nombre de los elementos constituyentes tiene grandes limitaciones cuando trata de aplicarse a compuestos orgánicos, pues sería muy difícil distinguir de este modo los miles de compuestos formados sólo de carbono e hidrógeno. Por otra parte, la estructura de estos compuestos hace que sea imposible utilizar métodos como el binomial, tan extendidos y antiguos en química inorgánica. De hecho los intentos que se hicieron durante el siglo XIX para nombrar de este modo a los compuestos orgánicos fracasaron completamente.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">En química orgánica existen un gran número de estructuras con propiedades muy diferentes, por lo que los problemas terminológicos que plantean la existencia de un gran número de isómeros son mucho más importantes que en química inorgánica. Todo ello ha conducido al establecimiento de varios modos de nombrar las sustancias orgánicas, de los cuales el más conocido es la denominada “nomenclatura por substitución”.</span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nomenclatura por substitución.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los términos acuñados según este sistema contienen generalmente raíces procedentes de los numerales griegos, para describir la longitud de la cadena carbonada, y un complejo sistema de sufijos, prefijos, infijos, localizadores numéricos y signos de puntuación que permite describir numerosas características del compuesto, desde las insaturaciones o tipos de enlace del carbono hasta la presencia de heteroátomos o grupos funcionales.</span><br />
<h1 align="center" style="margin: auto 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Nomenclatura química de los compuestos inorgánicos.</span></h1><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Se aceptan tres tipos de nomenclaturas para nombrar compuestos químicos inorgánicos:</span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenclatura sistemática o </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">estequiométrica<span class="mw-headline"> (Nomenclatura IUPAC)</span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Este sistema de nomenclatura se basa en nombrar a las sustancias usando prefijos numéricos griegos que indican la atomicidad de cada uno de los elementos presentes en la molécula. La atomicidad indica el número de átomos de un mismo elemento en una molécula, como por ejemplo H<sub>2</sub>O que significa que hay un átomo de oxígeno y dos átomos de hidrógeno presentes en la molécula, aunque en una fórmula química la atomicidad también se refiere a la proporción de cada elemento en el que se llevan a cabo las reacciones para formar el compuesto; en este estudio de nomenclatura es mejor tomar la atomicidad como el número de átomos en una sola molécula. La forma de nombrar los compuestos es: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">prefijo-nombre genérico + prefijo-nombre específico.</span> </span></div><br />
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<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #ffdddd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Prefijos griegos</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffdddd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Atomicidad</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">mono-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">di-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tri-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetra-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">penta-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hexa-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hepta-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">octa-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">8</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">nona- (o eneá)</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">9</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">deca-</span></div></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"></td><td style="background: #ffffdd; border-bottom: #ece9d8; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Por ejemplo, CrBr<sub>3</sub> = tribromuro de cromo; CO = monóxido de carbono</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">En casos en los que puede haber confusión con otros compuestos (sales dobles y triples, oxisales y similares) se pueden emplear los prefijos bis-, tris-, tetras-, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ejemplo: Ca<sub>5</sub>F (PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> = fluoruro tris (fosfato) de calcio</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, ya que si se usara el término trifosfato se estaría hablando del anión trifosfato [P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>]<sup>5</sup>, en cuyo caso sería:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ca<sub>8</sub>F (P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Stock.</span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Este sistema de nomenclatura se basa en nombrar a los compuestos escribiendo al final del nombre con números romanos la Valencia atómica del elemento con “nombre específico” (Valencia o número de oxidación, es el que indica el número de electrones que un átomo pone en juego en un enlace químico, un número positivo cuando tiende a ceder los electrones y un número negativo cuando tiende a ganar electrones), anteponiendo a este número, encerrado entre paréntesis, se escribe el nombre genérico y el específico del compuesto de esta forma: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">nombre genérico + de + nombre del elemento específico + el N<sup>o</sup>. de Valencia</span>. Normalmente, a menos que se haya simplificado la fórmula, la Valencia puede verse en el subíndice del otro átomo (en compuestos binarios y ternarios). Los números de Valencia normalmente se colocan como superíndices del átomo en una fórmula molecular.</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ejemplo <span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fe<sub>2</sub><sup>+3</sup>S<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup>,</span> sulfuro de hierro (III)</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[se ve la Valencia III del hierro en el</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> subindice o atomicidad del azufre].</span></i></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nomenclatura tradicional, clásica o funcional.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">En este sistema de nomenclatura se indica la Valencia del elemento de nombre específico con una serie de prefijos y sufijos griegos.</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cuando el elemento sólo tiene una valencia, simplemente se coloca el nombre del elemento precedido de la sílaba “<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">de</span>”</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(Na<sub>2</sub>O, oxido de sodio)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">.</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cuando tiene dos valencias diferentes se usan los sufijos <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-oso</span> e <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-ico</span>.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-oso</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> cuando el elemento usa la Valencia menor: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fe<sup>+2</sup>O<sup>-2</sup></span>, <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">hierro con la Valencia +2</span>, óxido ferroso</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-ico</span> cuando el elemento usa la Valencia mayor: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fe<sub>2</sub><sup>+3</sup>O<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup></span>, <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">hierro con valencia +3</span>, óxido férrico</span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica_de_los_compuestos_inorg%C3%A1nicos#cite_note-0"><span class="corchete-llamada1"><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[</span></sup></span><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1<span class="corchete-llamada1">]</span></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cuando tiene tres distintas Valencias se usan los prefijos y sufijos</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hipo -</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> … <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- oso</span> (para la Valencia inferior)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">… <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-oso</span> (para la Valencia intermedia)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">… <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-ico</span> (para la Valencia superior)</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cuando tiene cuatro distintas valencias se usan los prefijos y sufijos</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hipo -</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> … <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- oso</span> (para las valencias 1 y 2)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">… <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-oso<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(para la valencias 3 y 4)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">… <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-ico</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(para la valencias 5 y 6)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Per -</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> … <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- ico</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(para la valencia 7):</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ejemplo: Mn<sub>2</sub><sup>+7</sup>O<sub>7</sub><sup>-2</sup>, óxido permangánico</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> (ya que el manganeso tiene más de dos números de Valencia y en este compuesto está trabajando con la Valencia 7).</span></li>
</ul><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Otras reglas y conceptos generales.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los compuestos (binarios y ternarios) en su nomenclatura están formados por dos nombres: el genérico y el específico. El nombre genérico o general es el que indica a qué grupo de compuestos pertenece la molécula o su función química, por ejemplo si es un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">óxido metálico</span>/básico, un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">óxido no metálico</span>/ácido, un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">peróxido</span>, un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hidruro</span>, un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hidrácido</span>, un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">oxácido</span>, una <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sal haloidea</span>, etc. Y el nombre específico es el que diferencia a las moléculas dentro de un mismo grupo de compuestos. Por lo general en los tres sistemas de nomenclatura se escribe primero el nombre genérico seguido del específico. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">En general, en una fórmula molecular de un compuesto se coloca a la izquierda el elemento con carga o número de Valencia positivo (elemento más electropositivo) y a la derecha el que contenga el número de valencia negativo (elemento más electronegativo). Y al contrario de esto, en nomenclatura se coloca primero el nombre genérico, que es el que designa al elemento de la derecha (el más electronegativo), y el nombre específico en segundo lugar, que es el que designa al elemento de la izquierda (el menos electronegativo). Por ejemplo: óxido de sodio - Na<sup>+1</sup> <sub>2</sub>O<sup>-2</sup>, el nombre genérico óxido hace referencia al segundo elemento de la fórmula que es el “oxígeno”, el más electronegativo, y el nombre específico “sodio” hace referencia al primer elemento de la fórmula que es el sodio y el menos electronegativo o más electropositivo.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Muchos elementos pueden trabajar con más de un número de valencia, hasta el número 7 de valencia en los elementos representativos (Nota: recordar que el número de valencia se muestra como superíndice de cada elemento en la fórmula del compuesto). Con las mismas fórmulas moleculares se puede determinar con que número trabajan los elementos del compuesto aunque en este no se observen. Esto se logra con el hecho que en la fórmula de un compuesto la suma de los números de valencia entre los elementos debe ser igual a cero, lo que significa que la molécula será neutra y sin carga. Contrario a esto último, únicamente cuando la fórmula del compuesto indique una carga positiva o negativa de la molécula, lo que en cuyo caso la molécula pasaría a llamarse un ion. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">En la siguiente tabla se presentan los elementos que generalmente se usan para formar compuestos. Los números de valencia están en valor absoluto<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.</b></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Elemento</span></i></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Símbolo</span></i></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Número de Valencia</span></i></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Elemento</span></i></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Símbolo</span></i></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Número de Valencia</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Aluminio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Al</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Antimonio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sb</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3 y 5</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arsénico</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3 y 5</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ástato</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">At</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1, 3, 5 y 7</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Azufre</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">S</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 4 y 6</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bario</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ba</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berilio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Be</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bismuto</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bi</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3 y 5</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Boro</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bromo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Br</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 y 5</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cadmio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cd</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Calcio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ca</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Carbono</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 4</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cesio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cs</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cinc</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Zn</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Circonio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Zr</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cloro</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cl</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1, 3, 5 y 7</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cobalto</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Co</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 3</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cobre</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cu</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 1</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cromo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cr</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4, 5 y 6</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Escandio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sc</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Estaño</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sn</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 4</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Estroncio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sr</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Flúor</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">F</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fósforo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">P</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1,3 y 5</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Galio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ga</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Germanio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ge</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2,4 y -4</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hafnio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hf</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hidrógeno</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 y -1</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hierro</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fe</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 3</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Iridio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ir</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4 y 6</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Itrio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Y</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lantano</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">La</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Litio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Li</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Magnesio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mg</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Manganeso</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mn</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4, 6, 7</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mercurio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hg</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 y 2</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Molibdeno</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4, 5 y 6</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Niobio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nb</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Níquel</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ni</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 3</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nitrógeno</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">N</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4 y 5</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Oro</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Au</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 y 3</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Osmio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Os</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4 y 6</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Plata</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ag</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Platino</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pt</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 4</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Plomo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pb</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 y 4</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Potasio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">K</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Renio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Re</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1, 2, 4, 6 y 7</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rodio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rh</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3 y 4</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rubidio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rb</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rutenio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ru</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4, 6 y 8</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Selenio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Se</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 4 y 6</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Silicio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Si</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sodio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Na</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Talio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tl</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 y 3</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tántalo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ta</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tecnecio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tc</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Telurio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Te</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 4 y 6</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Titanio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ti</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3 y 4</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"></td><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Vanadio</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">V</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2, 3, 4 y 5</span></i></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 31; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: aliceblue; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Yodo</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1,3, 5 y 7</span></i></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 6pt; padding-left: 6pt; padding-right: 6pt; padding-top: 6pt;"></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 6pt; padding-left: 6pt; padding-right: 6pt; padding-top: 6pt;"></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #ece9d8; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 6pt; padding-left: 6pt; padding-right: 6pt; padding-top: 6pt;"></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 6pt; padding-left: 6pt; padding-right: 6pt; padding-top: 6pt;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h2 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h2><h2 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Óxidos<span class="mw-headline"> (compuestos binarios con oxígeno)</span></span></h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos químicos inorgánicos diatómicos o binarios formados por la unión del oxígeno con otro elemento diferente de los gases nobles. Según si este elemento es metal o no metal serán óxidos básicos u óxidos ácidos. El oxígeno siempre tiene valencia -2 con excepción en los peróxidos (ion peróxido enlazado con un metal) donde el oxígeno utiliza valencia “-1”.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los óxidos se pueden nombrar en cualquiera de los tres sistemas de nomenclaturas; si se utiliza el sistema Stock, el número romano es igual a la valencia del elemento diferente del oxígeno; si se utiliza el sistema tradicional los sufijos y prefijo se designan de acuerdo a la valencia del elemento diferente del oxígeno y si se utiliza la nomenclatura sistemática, no se tienen en cuenta las valencias, sino que se escriben los prefijos en cada elemento de acuerdo a sus atomicidades en la fórmula molecular.</span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Óxidos básicos (metálicos</span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son aquellos óxidos que se producen entre el oxígeno y un metal cuando el oxígeno trabaja con un número de valencia -2. Su fórmula general es: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + O</span>. En la nomenclatura Stock los compuestos se nombran con las reglas generales anteponiendo como nombre genérico la palabra óxido precedido por el nombre del metal y su número de valencia. En la nomenclatura tradicional se nombran con el sufijo -oso e -ico dependiendo de la menor o mayor Valencia del metal que acompaña al oxígeno. Y en la nomenclatura sistemática se utilizan las reglas generales con la palabra óxido como nombre genérico.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">En la nomenclatura tradicional para los óxidos que se enlazan con metales que tienen más de dos números de valencia se utilizan las siguientes reglas: metales con números de valencia hasta el 3 se nombran con las reglas de los óxidos y los metales con números de valencia iguales a 4 y mayores se nombran con las reglas de los anhídridos. Ejemplos: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">V<sub>2</sub><sup>+3</sup>O<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup></span> se nombra como óxido, óxido vanádico; <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">V<sub>2</sub><sup>+5</sup> O<sub>5</sub><sup>-2</sup></span> se nombra como anhídrido, anhídrido vanádico. Los átomos de vanadio con número de valencia 2 (-oso) y 3 (-ico) se nombran como óxidos y los átomos de vanadio con números de valencia 4 (-oso) y 5 (-ico) como anhídridos.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Metal + Oxígeno → Óxido básico</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">4Fe + 3O<sub>2</sub> → 2Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. sistemática</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">K<sub>2</sub>O</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">monóxido de dipotasio u</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> óxido de dipotasio</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de potasio (I) u óxido de potasio</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido potásico u óxido de potasio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trióxido de dihierro</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de hierro (III)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido férrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FeO</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">monóxido de hierro</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de hierro (II)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido ferroso</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">SnO<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dióxido de estaño</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de estaño (IV)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido estánico</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Cuando los no metales, nitrógeno y fósforo, trabajan con números de Valencia 4 y 2, mientras se enlazan con el oxígeno se forman óxidos (ver la sección de anhídridos, penúltimo párrafo).</span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Óxidos ácidos o anhídridos (no metálicos)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son aquellos formados por la combinación del oxígeno con un no metal. Su fórmula general es <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">no metal + O</span>. En este caso, la nomenclatura tradicional emplea la palabra anhídrido en lugar de óxido, a excepción de algunos óxidos de nitrógeno y fósforo. La nomenclatura sistemática y la Stock nombran a los compuestos con las mismas reglas que en los óxidos metálicos. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">No metal + Oxígeno → Anhídrido</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2S + 3O<sub>2</sub> → 2SO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. sistem.</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cl<sub>2</sub>O</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de dicloro o monóxido de</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> dicloro</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de cloro (I)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">anhídrido hipocloroso</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">SO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trióxido de azufre</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de azufre (VI)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">anhídrido sulfúrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">heptóxido de dicloro</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">óxido de cloro (VII)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">anhídrido perclórico</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Entre las excepciones a las reglas de anhídridos para la nomenclatura tradicional están los óxidos de nitrógeno y óxidos de fósforo. Estos compuestos se nombran así:</span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sub>2</sub><sup>1</sup>O<sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Anhídrido hiponitroso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sup>2</sup>O<sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Óxido hiponitroso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sub>2</sub><sup>3</sup>O<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Anhídrido nitroso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sub>2</sub><sup>4</sup>O<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Óxido nitroso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sup>4</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Óxido nitroso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sub>2</sub><sup>5</sup>O<sub>5</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Anhídrido nítrico</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">P<sub>2</sub><sup>3</sup>O<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Anhídrido fosforoso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">P<sup>4</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Óxido fosforoso</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">P<sub>2</sub><sup>5</sup>O<sub>5</sub><sup>-2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Anhídrido fosfórico</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Cuando los metales, con más de dos números de valencia y que trabajan con los números de Valencia iguales o mayores a 4, se enlazan con el oxígeno, forman anhídridos (ver la sección de óxidos básicos, segundo párrafo).</span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Peróxidos</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los peróxidos son obtenidos cuando reacciona un óxido con el oxígeno monoatómico y se caracterizan por llevar el grupo peróxido o unión peroxídica <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(-o-o-)</span>. Son compuestos diatómicos en donde participan el grupo peróxido y un metal. La fórmula general de los peróxidos es <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + (O<sup>-1</sup>) <sub>2</sub><sup>-2</sup></span>. En el sistema tradicional se utiliza el nombre peróxido en lugar de óxido y se agrega el nombre del metal con las reglas generales para los óxidos en esta nomenclatura. En las nomenclaturas Stock y sistemática se nombran los compuestos con las mismas reglas generales para los óxidos.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">No todos los metales forman peróxidos y habitualmente lo hacen los del grupo <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1A</span> y <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2A</span> (alcalinos y alcalinotérreos).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">De la tabla periódica Metal + Grupo peróxido → Peróxido</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2Li<sup>+1</sup> + (O)<sub>2</sub><sup>-2</sup> → Li<sub>2</sub>(O)<sub>2</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. sistemática</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dióxido de dihidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">peróxido de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">agua oxigenada</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CaO<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dióxido de calcio</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">peróxido de calcio (II)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">peróxido de calcio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ZnO<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dióxido de zinc</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">peróxido de zinc (II)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">peróxido de zinc</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Superóxidos</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>También llamados hiperoxido son compuestos binarios que contienen el grupo o anión superóxido, la fórmula general es <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + (O <sub>2</sub>)<sup>-1</sup></span> Aparentemente, el oxígeno tiene valencia -1/2. Generalmente el grupo superóxido reacciona con los elementos alcalinos y alcalinotérreos.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Se nombran como los peróxidos tan sólo cambiando peróxido por superóxido u hiperóxido.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + Grupo superóxido → Superóxido.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Li<sup>+1</sup> + (O<sub>2</sub>)<sup>-1</sup> → LiO<sub>2</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenclatura</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">KO<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">superóxido o hiperóxido de potasio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CaO<sub>4</sub> ó Ca (O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">superóxido de calcio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CdO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">superóxido de cadmio</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ozónidos</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos binarios formados por el grupo ozónido, que son 3 oxígenos enlazados con una valencia total de -1. La fórmula general para los ozónidos es <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + (O<sub>3</sub>)<sup>-1</sup></span>. Los ozónidos se nombran de forma análoga a los peróxidos con la diferencia que en estos compuestos se utiliza el nombre ozónido en lugar de peróxido.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + Grupo ozónido → Ozónido</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">K + (O<sub>3</sub>)<sup>-1</sup> → KO<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenclatura</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">KO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ozónido de potasio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">RbO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ozónido de rubidio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CsO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ozónido de cesio</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h2 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hidruros<span class="mw-headline"> compuestos binarios con hidrogeno.</span></span></h2><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hidruros metálicos</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos binarios o diatómicos formados por hidrógeno y un metal. En estos compuestos, el hidrógeno siempre tiene Valencia -1. Se nombran con la palabra hidruro. Su fórmula general es <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + H</span>. Para nombrar estos compuestos en el sistema tradicional se utiliza la palabra hidruro y se agrega el nombre del metal con los prefijos <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-oso</span> o <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-ico</span> con las reglas generales para esta nomenclatura. Para los sistemas Stock y sistemático se utilizan las reglas generales con la palabra hidruro como nombre genérico.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metal + Hidrógeno --- Hidruro metálico.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2K + H<sub>2</sub> → 2KH</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. sistemática</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenc. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">KH</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">monohidruro de potasio o hidruro de potasio</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidruro de potasio (I) o hidruro de potasio</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidruro potásico o hidruro de potasio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">NiH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trihidruro de níquel</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidruro de níquel (III)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidruro niquélico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PbH<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetrahidruro de plomo</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidruro de plomo (IV)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidruro plúmbico</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hidrácidos e hidruros no metálicos</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los hidrácidos (compuestos binarios ácidos) e hidruros no metálicos son compuestos formados entre el hidrógeno y un no metal de las familias VIA y VIIA ( anfígenos y halógenos respectivamente). Los elementos de estas dos familias que pueden formar hidrácidos e hidruros no metálicos son: S, Se, Te, F, Cl, </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/I" title="I"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">I</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";"> y Br, que por lo general trabajan con el menor número de oxidación, -2 para los anfígenos y -1 para los halógenos. Estos compuestos se nombran en el sistema tradicional y de forma diferente según si están disueltos (estado acuoso) o en estado puro (estado gaseoso). Los hidrácidos pertenecen al grupo de los ácidos.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hidruros no metálicos</span> son los que se encuentran en estado gaseoso o estado puro y se nombran agregando al no metal el sufijo -uro y la palabra hidrógeno precedido de la sílaba “de”. En este caso el nombre genérico es para el elemento más electropositivo que sería el del hidrógeno y el nombre especifico es para el elemento más electronegativo que sería el del no metal, por ejemplo H<sup>+1</sup> Br<sup>-1</sup> <sub><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(g)</span></sub> bromuro de hidrógeno, bromuro como nombre especifico e hidrógeno como nombre genérico.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">No metal + Hidrógeno → Hidruro no metálico.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cl<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> → 2HCl<sub>(g)</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hidrácidos</span> provienen de disolver en agua a los hidruros no metálicos y por esa misma razón son estos los que se encuentran en estado acuoso. Se nombran con la palabra ácido, como nombre genérico, y como nombre específico se escribe el nombre del no metal y se le agrega el sufijo –hídrico. Al igual que en estado gaseoso el nombre genérico es nombrado por el elemento más electropositivo.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hidruro No metálico + Agua → Hidrácido.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">HCl<sub>(g)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sup>+1</sup> + Cl<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">en estado puro</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">en disolución</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HCl</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">cloruro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido clorhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HF</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">fluoruro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido fluorhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HBr</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">bromuro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido bromhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HI</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">yoduro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido yodhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>S</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">sulfuro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido sulfhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>Se</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">seleniuro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido selenhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>Te</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">teluluro de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido telurhídrico</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hidruros con los </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">nitrogenoides</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Estos <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hidrácidos o hidruros no metálicos</span> son compuestos binarios de hidrógeno y unos elementos de la familia V que se enlazan siguiendo la fórmula <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">NoMetal + H<sub>3</sub></span>. A estos compuestos se les llama por sus nombres comunes, aunque muy raramente se les nombra con las reglas de nomenclatura de los hidruros (metálicos). En estos hidruros no metálicos el hidrógeno es el elemento más electronegativo en el compuesto.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">No metal + Hidrógeno → Hidruro no metálico.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N<sub>2</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub> → 2NH<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nombre</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">NH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">amoníaco o trihidruro de nitrógeno</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">fosfina o trihidruro de fósforo</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">AsH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">arsina o trihidruro de arsénico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">SbH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">estibina o trihidruro de antimonio</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BiH<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">bismutina o trihidruro de bismuto</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Boranos</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos binarios entre el hidrógeno y el boro que generalmente se enlazan siguiendo la fórmula <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">B<sub>n</sub>H<sub>n+4</sub></span>. Estos compuestos no se nombran en un sistema de nomenclatura específico ya que las reglas para nombrarlos son especiales. Se utiliza la palabra borano con un prefijo numérico griego (tabla de prefijos) que depende del número de átomos de borano presentes en la molécula.</span></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Silanos</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos binarios de hidrógeno y silicio que se enlazan generalmente siguiendo la fórmula <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Si<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></span>. Los silanos al igual que los boranos no tienen un sistema de nomenclatura específico para ser nombrados y utilizan las mismas reglas de nomenclatura, con la palabra silano como base.</span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nombre</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">SiH<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">monosilano, silano o tetrahidruro de silano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Si<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">disilano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Si<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trisilano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Si<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetrasilano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Si<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">decasilano</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Germanos</span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos binarios de hidrógeno y germanio que se enlazan generalmente siguiendo la misma fórmula que los silanos <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ge<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></span>. Los germanos al igual que los boranos y silanos no tienen un sistema de nomenclatura específico para ser nombrados y utilizan las mismas reglas de nomenclatura que los silanos, con la palabra germano como base.</span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nombre</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">GeH<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">monogermano, germano o tetrahidruro de germano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ge<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">digermano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ge<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trigermano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ge<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetragermano</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ge<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">decagermano</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hidrocarburos</span></h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Son compuestos orgánicos poliatómicos formados por hidrógeno y carbono.</span></div><h2 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Oxácidos (compuestos ternarios ácidos)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">También llamados <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">oxoácidos y oxiácidos</span>, son compuestos ternarios originados de la combinación del agua con un anhídrido u óxido ácido. La fórmula general para los oxácidos es <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">H + NoMetal + O</span>. En el sistema tradicional se les nombra con las reglas generales para los anhídridos sustituyendo la palabra anhídrido por ácido (ya que de los anhídridos se originan). Para el sistema Stock se nombra al no metal con el sufijo –ato, luego el número de Valencia del no metal y por último se agrega “de hidrógeno”. Y para la nomenclatura sistemática se indica el número de átomos de oxígeno con el prefijo correspondiente (según reglas generales para este sistema) seguido de la partícula “oxo” unida al nombre del no metal y el sufijo –ato, por último se agrega al nombre las palabras “de hidrógeno”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Anhídrido + Agua → oxácido.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">SO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenclatura sistemática</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido tetraoxosulfúrico (VI)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetraoxosulfato (VI) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido sulfúrico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HClO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido tetraoxoclórico (VII)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tretraoxoclorato (VII) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido perclórico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>2</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido dioxosulfúrico (II)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dioxosulfato (II) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido hiposulfuroso</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Como se indica en la sección de los anhídridos, el nitrógeno y el fósforo no forman anhídridos cuando se enlazan con el oxígeno, mientras estos trabajan con los números de Valencia 4 y 2, si no que forman óxidos y por esta razón el nitrógeno y el fósforo no pueden formar oxácidos con estos números de Valencia.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Ya que para nombrar a los compuestos se necesita saber con qué números de Valencia trabajan los elementos</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">El silicio y el yodo también pueden formar oxácidos con más de una molécula de agua, en dos casos especiales.</span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. sistemática</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O →</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2HPO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido trioxofosfórico</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (V)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trioxofosfato (V) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">metafosfórico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2H<sub>2</sub>O → </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> heptaoxodifosfórico (V)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">heptaoxodifosfato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(V) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pirofosfórico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3H<sub>2</sub>O → </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetraoxofosfórico (V)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetraoxofosfato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(V) hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido ortofosfórico</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o ácido fosfórico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + 5H<sub>2</sub>O → </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2H<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido hexaoxoyódico (VII)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hexaoxoyodato</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(VII) </span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ortoperyódico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">SiO<sub>2</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→ H<sub>6</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido pentaoxosilicico (IV)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pentaoxosilicato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(IV) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido ortosilicico</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">o </span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido silicico</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Como se describe previamente los oxácidos están formados por un anhídrido (no metal + oxígeno) y el hidrógeno, pero como se indica en la secciones de anhídridos y óxidos básicos algunos metales, también pueden formar anhídridos, y por esta razón, también pueden formar oxácidos.</span></div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: auto auto auto 12pt; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Compuesto</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nomenclatura sistemática</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. Stock</span></div></td><td style="background: #f2f2f2; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nom. tradicional</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido tetraoxocrómico </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(VI)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetraoxocromato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (VI)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> de </span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> crómico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido trioxomangánico (IV)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trioxomanganato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (IV) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido manganoso</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">H<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido tetraoxomangánico (VI)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetraoxomanganato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (VI) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> mangánico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HMnO<sub>4</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido tetraoxomangánico (VII)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tetraoxomanganato</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (VII) de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido permangánico</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HVO<sub>3</sub></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido trioxovanádico (V)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">trioxovanadato (V)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> de hidrógeno</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; border-right: #aaaaaa 1pt solid; border-top: #ece9d8; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding-bottom: 2.4pt; padding-left: 2.4pt; padding-right: 2.4pt; padding-top: 2.4pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ácido</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> vanádico</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">Los oxiácidos son compuestos que presentan uniones covalentes, pero cuando se disuelven en agua ceden fácilmente iones H<sup>+1</sup> (protones). Esto se debe a que el agua, por la naturaleza polar de sus moléculas, tiene tendencia a romper las uniones covalentes polares de los ácidos, con formación de iones H<sup>+1</sup> y del anión ácido correspondiente. Por ejemplo, el ácido nítrico que se disuelve en agua da lugar a un anión nitrato y un catión hidrógeno.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><sub><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Agua)</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">……….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">HNO<sub>3</sub> →→→→ NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-1</sup> + H<sup>+1</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif";">La ionización de un oxácido al disolverse en agua es un ejemplo de proceso que se cumple en ambos sentidos, es decir que, al mismo tiempo que se forman iones a partir del ácido, este se regenera constantemente por la unión de aniones y cationes. Los procesos de esta naturaleza se denominan reversibles.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><sub><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Agua)</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">……….</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">HNO<sub>3</sub> →→→→ NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-1</sup> + H<sup>+1</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>……….<sub>(Agua)</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-1</sup> + H<sup>+1</sup> →→→→ HNO<sub>3</sub></span><br />
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<h3 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt;"> </h3></div>Gabriela Cristancho Dugartehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07742529785464317941noreply@blogger.com4